OT: "Living ships" and Isreali bio-nanotechnology (plus, optical computers!)

[Nocturnal]

With existing transistors nearing the physical limitations for miniturization and heat density, scientists are constantly trying to find new materials and methods in which to compute.

The Technion Institute of Technology in Haifa has developed a working transistor built of strands of DNA and a carbon nanotube.

http://nanotechweb.org/articles/news/2/11/13/1

Another development of alternative computing technology is a civilian Israeli company (called Lenslet) claiming to have developed a fully optical computer.

http://in.tech.yahoo.com/031029/137/28wdo.html

Yes, I just threw "living ships" in the title to give a link, however tenuous, to Space Empires IV. Hehe.

Anybody thinks I should have split this into two topics?

[edit:] Just as a reminder: A large portion of Israel's GDP still comes from high-technology exports. The Technion is considered among the best technology universities in the world.

[ November 26, 2003, 08:41: Message edited by: Nocturnal ]

[narf poit chez BOOM]

8,000GHz...what's next up from GHz anyway? but what i'm wondering is how it works. i don't see how you could switch the light from one state to another without using a chemical reaction, and those are slow enough to permit light through when you don't want it. that's always bothered me about optical computer's. but maybe it's just because i don't really know much about that.

[Nocturnal]

Tera. They're talking TeraHertz, or actually Tera-operations-per-second. Potentially into the hundreds with the same technology, they hope. ("My CPU clock's 800Mhz." "Big whoop, mine's 8,000,000Mhz. I finish 400* work units of Folding@home per second." *Precise numbers extracted from my butt.)

I knew it obviously wasn't chemical, but I went and checked it out for you and it's more as I thought: almost mechanical. Mirror-like laser arrays. You don't change the "state" of the light any more than you change the "state" of electrons, you just move it around from place to place. Actually optical switches can be physically huge compared to electrical ones and still function much faster because the medium can move so quickly.

Since it's a private company that wants to sell technology it'll be harder to get the precise details out of them than out of the Technion Institute, for example. Besides, the technology is hard to understand to someone not well-versed in the relevant physical sciences. But their Executive Summary is quite revealing: (skipping the introduction and straight to the meat)

The Architecture
The heart of the ODSPE architecture is an optical Vector-Matrix Multiplication core. It is the key to massive data parallelism and on-the-fly reconfigurability. The optical VMM core converts electronic inputs into light by using Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) and then performs a VMM operation by directing this light through programmable internal optics. The light that emerges is sensed by an array of detectors and translated back into electronic signals. By processing incoming signals at the photon level, Vector-Matrix Multiplication is performed at the speed of light.

ODSPE Architecture
The optical core has an input array of 256 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, as well as a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) that is 256 x 256 in size and a Photo Detector Array (PDA) of 256 detectors. Each one of the VCSELs shines on one column of the SLM, and each one of the detectors collects the energy from one row of the SLM. As the light transmitted by a VCSEL passes through an SLM element, its intensity is attenuated by the transmissivity level of that SLM element, an effect equivalent to multiplication. Each one of the VCSELs shines on one column in the SLM, and each one of the detectors collects the energy from one row in the SLM yielding a Vector-Matrix Multiplication operation.
During each cycle, an input vector of 256 one-byte wide elements is multiplied by a matrix of 256x256 one-byte wide matrix elements (64K elements in the matrix), generating an output vector of 256 one-byte wide elements. This is the key to the massive data parallelism of the ODSPE. At the initial product with transform rate of 125 Megahertz and 64K MAC (Multiply-Accumulate) equivalent operations in the matrix yields a total performance equivalent to 8 Tera MAC operations per second.

Of course, I didn't know what a VCSEL was, so I looked it up and this site gives a brief, readable description.

The speed, as you can see in the quote above, isn't all due to using light instead of electricity to transfer information, but also because they exploit a multiplication matrix instead of repeated individual multiplication operations which allows great parallel processing - each clock cycle here would be essentially equivalent to about 256 clock cycles in a linear DSP, if I'm reading right.

My recommendation? Buy stock in this company when you can, and consider it a long-term investment.

But the development of the DNA transistor has been compared to the invention of the transistor as a breakthrough in computers. Let's just see whether it takes as many decades to come into widespread use as the silicon transistors did.

[narf poit chez BOOM]

thanks. confusing.

so, it's not totally optical?

[Will]

The processor itself is completely optical. It's just the inputs and outputs that are standard electronic (electric signals converted to laser pulses, then detected light converted to electric signals).

[Cirvol]

yeah, i read about this too

very cool...

now... how about using a fusion power supply to fuel the whole thing?

[Nocturnal]

Yeah exactly, "fully optical computer" was a big misnomer. It's actually more like an optical CPU. The whole computer would probably have a bottleneck somewhere that would make it difficult to exploit the full processing power of the optical unit. For example, in some applications the electrical inputs / outputs may be the bottleneck. Still, for many types of applications this kind of speed and flexibility is a gigantic leap forward.

[Cyrien]

If we are going to be talking about the possible computers of the future then don't forget the Quantum Computer using not bits but qubits.

Quantum Computers!

The equivalent of performing the same operation on a classical super computer with 10^150 separate processors...

Sounds pretty good to me.
Course that is with a 500 qubit system and Last I did any real checking into these systems they only had around a few dozen qubits processing at best.

Each of the systems sounds good. But each also has obstacles and problems to overcome.

As for "living ships" I think the closest we have now adays would be in this list of prototypes and future designs.

Next Generation Navies?

[Nocturnal]

Yes, I was hoping someone would bring that up! Very nice article.

I wonder if someday in our children's lifetimes they'll be arguing over whether DNA Macs suck and Optical Playstations have best gaming ability while Quantum PC games are always released full of bugs and compatibility issues. Hahaha!

[Cyrien]

It's the software damnit! Not the hardware! If Megahard would release a decent OS it wouldn't be an issue!