I just stumbled upon a lovely little chunk of information and could use some help sorting through it as we are a bit snowed under ATM .
I need one volunteer who would be willing to sort through the info that follows, check it against what we have or don't have in the OOB's right now and report back which nations need CM added and , most importantly, what year they aquired it. ( that will be the issue requiring the most time and effort although I would be happy at this time with a good guess ) I figure it's a good solid two days work if you have two days with nothing else to do.
I would prefer someone who has experience with the game and the time to get this done within the next week.
Here's the information.
Be aware it comes from an "activist" anti cluster munitions source and I have not checked it for accuracy. It claims....."Poland’s land forces are equipped with domestically produced 122mm artillery rockets for BM-21 and RM-70/85 multiple launch rocket systems" OK, fair enough. We show Poland using the RM-70 but the only CM is 227mm rockets. If they do indeed also use 122mm CM rockets it would be nice to know when that was first available
Don
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The countries that produce cluster munitions are: Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia & Montenegro, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States.
At least 12 countries have exported them to 58 other countries. Based on available information, the US is the leading exporter, having shipped cluster munitions to 24 countries, including to Greece, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand. The UK appears to be the second largest producer/exporter. Other manufacturing countries that are known to have exported cluster munitions include Brazil, Chile, Egypt, France, Germany, Israel, Russia, South Africa, Pakistan and Sweden. The US government has a stockpile of up to 1 billion cluster sub-munitions.
The eighty-five companies have produced cluster munitions or their key components. Of these companies, fifty-nine are actively producing or marketing cluster munitions or submunitions. Nearly half of these active companies are based in Europe and another eight are located in the United States. Major well-known arms producing companies are among the producers of cluster munitions: BAE Systems, DaimlerChrysler Aerospace, European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS), Israel Military Industries, General Dynamics, Giat Industries, Lockheed Martin, Saab Bofors, and Thomson Dasa Armements. However, production is not limited to Europe and North America. For example, companies in Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, Singapore, India, Pakistan and South Africa also currently manufacture and market cluster
Cluster Munitions Stockpile in the Americas and Caribbean
In the Americas and Caribbean, Brazil and the United States (US) are producers of cluster munitions. Argentina and Chile have renounced future production. Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Peru, and the US stockpile cluster munitions. Argentina, Canada, and Honduras have destroyed their stockpiles or are in the process of destroying their stockpiles. Brazil, Chile, and the US have exported cluster munitions. At least five countries in the Americas and Caribbean are known to currently stockpile cluster
http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/fil...20Fact%20Sheet
(1)USA.The US is the world’s leading known user, producer, stockpiler, and exporter of cluster munitions.Eight companies in the United States that manufacture cluster munitions.
(2)Brazil Four companies produce cluster munitions in Brazil. Avribras Aeroespacial SA and Britainite Industrias Quimicas produce the ASTROS family of surface-to-surface rockets with submunition warheads. These weapons have been exported to Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. The ASTROS multiple launch rocket system was used by Saudi forces against Iraqi forces during the battle of Khafji in January 1991, leaving behind significant numbers of unexploded submunitions. The company Ares Aeroespacial e Defesa Ltda produces the FZ-100 70mm air-to-surface rockets, akin to the Hydra M261 multipurpose submunitions. Additionally, Target Engenharia et Comércio Ltda. produces two types of cluster bombs (BLG-120, BLG-252) for the Brazilian Air Force and reportedly for export.
(3)Chile. Chile has renounced future production as a matter of declaratory policy. Industrias Cardeon SA and Los Conquistadores 1700 produced at least eight types of air-dropped cluster bombs.7 PM-1 combined effects submunitions delivered by aircraft bombs produced in Chile have been used in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iraq, and Sudan.
(4)Argentina In Argentina, the Centro de Investigaciones Técnicas y Cient�*ficas de las Fuerzas Armadas (CITEFA) developed a prototype 155mm artillery projectile which contained 63 Dual Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM) grenades equipped with a backup pyrotechnic self-destruct mechanism.
There appears to be significant discrepancies among failure rate estimates. Some manufacturers claim a submunition failure rate of 2% to 5%, whereas mine clearance specialists have frequently reported failure rates of 10% to 30%.
Cluster Munitions producing Countries in Asia pacific region.
(1)China Northern Industries Company (NORINCO) produces a full range of air-dropped and surface-launched cluster munitions. Export activity is not known, but Hezbollah fired over 100 Chinese Type-81 122mm rockets into northern Israel in July/August 2006. Type 83 projectile 2 Type 59 projectile, Type 62 projectile, Type 66 projectile, Type 2 bomb
(2) India .The India Ordnance Factories produce and advertise for export 130mm and 155mm artillery projectiles containing dual-purpose improved conventional munition (DPICM) submunitions, which are equipped with a self-destruct feature. These projectiles are the result of a transfer of production technology from Israel Military Industries and are produced at Khamaria Ordnance Factory near Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh. Additionally, the Defense Research and Development Organization of the Ministry of Defence has developed a cargo rocket for submunitions for the 214mm Picacha multi-barrel rocket system. The US announced in September 2008 that it is intending to transfer 510 CBU-105 air-dropped Sensor Fuzed Weapons to India in an arms deal valued at as much as $375 million.
(3)Japan In 2001, the US provided assistance and technical data to support Japan’s production of CBU-87 Combined Effects Munitions.
(4)South Korea .Two companies in South Korea, Poongsan and Hanwha, produce cluster munitions. “South Korea stopped production of old types of cluster munitions,” according to its Ministry of Defense, and “cluster munitions currently in production have a high level of reliability and most are equipped with [self-destruct] mechanisms.” Poongsan transferred DPICM production technology to Pakistan in November 2004. The US also concluded a licensing agreement with South Korea in 2001 for production of DPICM submunitions for Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) rockets.
(5) Pakistan .Pakistan Ordnance Factories produces and offers for export M483A1 155mm artillery projectiles containing 88 M42/M46 DPICM grenades. The South Korean company Poongsan entered into a licensed production agreement with Pakistan Ordnance Factories in November 2004 to co-produce K-310 155mm extended-range DPICM projectiles in Pakistan at Wah Cantonment.12 The Army took delivery of the first production lots in April 2008.
Jane‟s Information Group credits the Pakistan Air Weapons Center with the production of the Programmable Submunitions Dispenser (PSD-1), which is reported to be similar to the Rockeye cluster bomb and dispenses 225 anti-armor bomblets. It states that the Pakistan National Development Complex produces and markets the Hijara Top-Attack Submunitions Dispenser (TSD-1) cluster bomb. Sri Lanka has purchased cluster bombs,from Pakistan cluster munitions and other explosive remnants of war pose a threat to the daily lives of numerous families.
(6)Singapore. The company Singapore Technologies Kinetics Ltd (ST Kinetics) produces two types of 155mm DPICM artillery projectiles (containing 63 or 49 grenades) equipped with electro-mechanical self-destruct fuzes with an advertised dud rate of 3 percent.16 The company also produces a 120mm mortar bomb which delivers 25 DPICM grenades.
Middle East-North Africa region Stockpiling of Cluster Munitions by States
(1)Israel . Israel is a major producer and exporter of cluster munitions, primarily artillery projectiles and rockets containing the M85 DPICM submunition equipped with a back-up pyrotechnic self-destruct fuze. Israel Military Industries (IMI) produces, license-produces, and exports cluster munitions including artillery projectiles (105mm, 122mm, 130mm, 152mm, 155mm, 175mm, 203mm), mortar bombs (120mm), and rockets (EXTRA, GRADLAR, LAR-160).
IMI has reportedly produced over 60 million M85 DPICM submunitions. IMI concluded licensing agreements in 2004 with companies in India (Indian Ordnance Factories) and the United States (Alliant Techsystems) to produce DPICMs. Companies in Argentina (CITEFA), Germany (Rheinmetall), Romania (Romtechnica), and Switzerland (RAUG) have also assembled or produced these submunitions under license.
Israel transferred four GRADLAR 122mm/160mm rocket launchers to Georgia in 2007. Georgia has acknowledged using the launchers with 160mm Mk.-4 rockets, each containing 104 M85 DPICM submunitions, during its August 2008 conflict with Russia.7 Israel has also produced several types of air-dropped cluster munitions. The Rafael Corporation is credited with producing the ATAP-300, ATAP-500, ATAP-1000 RAM, TAL-1, and TAL-2 cluster bombs, as well as the BARAD Helicopter Submunition Dispenser.8 Israel has imported a variety of cluster munitions from the US, including M26 rockets for its MLRS launchers.
(2) Egypt. The Helipolis Company for Chemical Industries in Egypt produces projectiles for 122mm,130mm, and 152mm caliber artillery pieces which contain M42D DPICM submunitions. The SAKR Factory for Developed Industries produced 122mm surface-launched rockets containing 72 submunitions, some of which were exported to Iraq. Egypt is also a significant recipient of exports of cluster munitions, primarily from the United States, which include artillery projectiles, aircraft bombs, and surface-fired multiple launch rockets.
(3) Iran. Media reports indicate that in November 2006 Iran tested a version of the Shahab-2 missile capable of delivering 1,400 bomblets. KMG –U- Dispenser ,Prosab-250 bombs,BL-755 Bombs.
(4)Iraq. Prior to 2003, Iraq produced and imported cluster munitions. This included joint development with Yugoslavia of the M87 Orkan (known in Iraq as Ababil) surface-to-surface rocket with submunitions.3 Iraq also produced two types of cluster bombs called the NAAMAN-250 and NAAMAN-500. It acquired ASTROS ground rockets from Brazil.
Seven countries have received cluster munitions of Soviet or Russian manufacture: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. The US is a major supplier of cluster munitions to MENA countries. It has exported the weapon to eight countries, including Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Other countries that have transferred cluster munitions to countries in the MENA region include Brazil, Chile, South Africa, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. In a recent transfer in 2006-2007, Turkey sold the UAE 3,020 TRK-122 rockets, each containing 56 M85 DPICM submunitions.
Stockpiling of Cluster Munitions by States in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia .
At least 20 states in the area are known to stockpile cluster munitions. This number has grown as more states have become engaged in the Oslo Process and new information has become available. Montenegro pledged to destroy its stockpile during the Belgrade Conference of Countries Affected by Cluster Munitions in October 2007.
Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, and Slovakia are among the 34 countries known to have produced cluster munitions. Bulgaria, previously identified as a producer, claims to have never produced any type of cluster munition. Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia, Russia and Slovakia are among the at least 77 countries that have stockpiled cluster munitions.
(1)Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan Submunition contamination has been identified in at least 162 locations in Nagorno-Karabakh. Submunition types cleared by deminers include PTAB-1, ShOAB-0.5, and AO-2.5. There are also reports of contamination in other parts of occupied Azerbaijan, adjacent to Nagorno-Karabakh.
(2) Bosnia & Herzegovina Forces of Yugoslavia and Non-State Armed Groups (NSAG) used cluster munitions during the 1992-1995 conflict. NATO aircraft dropped two CBU-87 bombs.
(3) Tajikistan 1992-1997 civil war.
(4) Chechnya Russian forces used cluster munitions against NSAG in 1994-1996.
(5) Croatia An NSAG used Orkan M-87 multiple rocket launchers to attack Zagreb on 2-3 May 1995. Additionally, the Croatian government claimed that Serb forces used BL-755 bombs in Sisak, Kutina, and along the Kupa River.
(6) Albania Yugoslav forces used rocket-delivered cluster munitions in disputed border areas in 1998-1999, and NATO forces carried out six aerial cluster munition strikes.
(7) Yugoslavia (including Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo)
(1)Russia, and historically the USSR, is a major producer and exporter of cluster munitions. It is thought to have a massive stockpile of cluster munitions containing hundreds of millions of submunitions. Cluster munitions of Russian/Soviet origin are reported to be in the stockpiles of at least 29 other countries. The following Russian companies are associated with the production of cluster munitions: Bazalt State Research and Production Enterprise (air-dropped bombs), Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (120mm, 152mm, 203mm artillery projectiles), and Splav State Research and Production Enterprise (122mm, 220mm, 300mm rockets).
Russia Cluster munitions were used by the Soviets in Afghanistan, Soviet forces used air-dropped and rocket-delivered cluster munitions during their invasion and occupation of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. A non-state armed group (NSAG) used rocket-delivered cluster munitions on a smaller scale during the subsequent civil war in the 1990s. Chechnya Russian forces used cluster munitions against NSAG in 1994-1996.
Georgia Russian aircraft dropped cluster bombs containing PTAB-2.5M submunitions during attacks on the village of Ruisi and the town of Gori on 12 August 2008. Georgia used GRADLAR 160 multiple launch rocket system with MK4 rockets with M85 submunitions to attack Russian forces at the Roki tunnel. Other types of submunitions identified in Georgia include the air-dropped AO-2.5RTM and a rocket delivered type.
(2)Bosnia & Herzegovina .State owned factories in Bosnia & Herzegovina inherited the capacity to produce cluster munitions during the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including the capacity to produce KB-series submunitions and integrate them into carrier munitions like artillery projectiles and rockets. While it has agreed to adopt the CCM and has a unilateral moratorium on the use of cluster munitions in place, the current disposition of existing production capacity and components in Bosnia & Herzegovina is unclear.
(3)Bulgaria. the Vazov Engineering Plants in Bulgaria were associated with the production of 122mm rockets, which includes a variant that contains submunitions (with 15 DPICM grenades) “There are limited amounts of cluster munitions of the type RBK-250 and RBK-500 which are currently held by the Bulgarian Armed Forces.” On 13 February 2008, the Bulgarian Council of Ministers adopted a decision imposing a moratorium on the use of cluster munitions currently held by the Bulgarian Armed Forces.
(4) Moldova .In 2003, Moldova reported that it possessed 11 220mm Uragan multiple launch rocket systems. It reported the transfer of 860 missiles for this launch system with a submunition warhead (each containing 30 high-explosive submunitions) to Guinea in 2000. It also exported 13 Uragan launch systems to Yemen in 1994.
(5)Poland’s land forces are equipped with domestically produced 122mm artillery rockets for BM-21 and RM-70/85 multiple launch rocket systems. Each rocket contains 42 GKO DPICM submunitions. Land forces also possess 98mm mortar bombs, each containing 12 GKO DPICM submunitions. The GKO DPICM submunition is equipped with a backup self-destruct fuze.9 The Polish company Tlocznia Metali Pressta Spolka Akcynjna manufactures 122mm rockets. Additionally, the company Dezamet produced the ZK-300 Kisajno cluster bomb containing 315 LBOk-1 fragmentation bomblets.
(6) Romania.In Romania, the company Romarm produces two types of 152mm DPICM artillery projectiles called the CG-540 and CG-540 ER, which contain GAA-001 bomblets. This is reported to be a joint production and marketing venture with Israel Military Industries. The GAA-001 bomblet is described as identical to the Israeli M85 and is produced by the Romanian company Aerotech SA.Another company, Aerostar SA, produces the LAR-160 multiple launch rocket system, which uses the MK4 rocket that contains 104 M85 submunitions. The company ROMAIR is reported to have developed and produced the CL-250 cluster bomb, which is described as similar in appearance to the RBK-250. It is reported to carry BAAT-10 antitank bomblets and BF-10T antipersonnel bomblets.
(7)Serbia also inherited the production and marketing capabilities of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The company Yugoimport SDPR is associated with the production of 122mm and 155mm DPICM artillery projectiles and Orkan surface-to-surface rockets. The types of submunitions carried in these cluster munitions are the KB-1 and KB-2 DPICM. Yugoslavia was the first non-Western country to produce and export DPICM.According to the Jane’s Information Group,
“At the 1991 Paris Air Show it became known that the Yugoslav Air Force was in possession of several bomblets of various types and at least one cluster bomb and cluster bomb unit. Some bombs were thought to have been bought direct from the USSR, and it is believed that others were manufactured under license or even designed by the Federal Directorate of Supply and Procurement (SDPR) in Belgrade, now Serbia.” The designations of the cluster bombs are RAB-120 and KPT-150.
(8) Slovakia.The company Konstrukta Defense in Slovakia produces 152mm artillery projectiles and 122mm surface-to-surface rockets with DPICM submunition payloads.
Hybrid Mode
