Internal components (ie: not armor) tend to be destroyed in the order of most hit points (tonnage structure, NOT size) to fewest hit points. There is some randomization, so your big weapons don't always blow up first, but they are more likely to be hit than, say, a bridge.
For armor components (they have the armor ability), they tend to be destroyed in the opposite order, with those with fewer hit points tending to be destroyed before those with more hit points.
Assuming you put your weapons on Last, then you would tend to see a right to left type progression of damaged components, simply because the comps with the most hit points are on the right.
